gole jafari
Tagetes
DESCRIPTION: These ornamental annuals are natives of
Mexico and South America and belong to the Daisy family.
Tagetes erecta, the African Marigold, can grow 2-4 feet high
and will produce large, single or double flowers colored orange
or yellow. Tagetes patula, the French Marigold, can reach a
height of 9 inches to 2 feet and the blossoms come in yellow or
yellow marked with a reddish-brown color. Hybrids that have
been raised from the African and French Marigolds come in
solid red, some in solid yellow and some in combinations of red
and golden-yellow. The flowers are double and 2-3 inches in
diameter; the plants are bushy and can grow about 18 inches tall.
These plants bloom throughout the summer and fall and are
great for cut flowers. T. tenuifolia (signata) pumila, the Dwarf
Signet Marigold, is a native to Mexico and grows into a bushy
plant up to a foot tall. Its foliage is finely divided and many
single, orange flowers about an inch in diameter are produced.
This plant requires the same care as the dwarf French Marigold.
T. lucida, Winter Tarragon, is also native of Mexico. This half-
hardy, bushy perennial is treated as an annual and will grow
from 1 to 2 feet tall. The Winter Tarragon is related to the
garden Marigold and they have long unbranched stems and
simple, willowy leaves. The foliage of the Winter Tarragon has
a medium green color, not a blue-green color like the leaves of
the French Tarragon (see, Artemisia). In autumn or winter it
produces small golden-yellow flowers made up of a single layer
of ray florets and a central tuft of disk florets. The foliage has a
sweet smell with a touch of Anise and is a fine substitute when
French Tarragon is out of season.
POTTING: When these plants are grown outside, they
shouldn't have overly rich soil, because this will make luxuriant
vegetative growth at the expense of flower production. They
should be planted 12-15 inches apart. They will bloom even
faster if they are started indoors rather than sowing the seeds
directly outdoors. When they are used as greenhouse plants they
are great for winter and spring display. They make lovely pot
plants and cut flowers. Their soil shouldn't be too rich and the
pots need to have good drainage. When the plants have filled up
their containers with roots, weekly applications of a dilute liquid
fertilizer will be beneficial. These plants must have full
exposure to sun at all times and they should have a cool, well-
ventilated atmosphere. The temperature at night can be 50
degrees; on dull days it may rise about 5 degrees and on sunny
days, 10 to even 15 degrees higher. Earlier blooming and more
flowers may be obtained from Tagetes growing in a greenhouse
in the wintertime if daylight is substituted with artificial light
(either fluorescent or incandescent). Winter Tarragon is easy to
grow indoors and out . As a houseplant, Winter Tarragon will
yield light winter cuttings for table use. Winter Tarragon is best
when used fresh; snip off the last 3 to 6 inches of branch tips for
the tenderest leaves. If they are carefully dried, the leaves will
keep some of their aroma.
PROPAGATION: Seeds can be sown 6 to 12 weeks before the
plants are to be planted outdoors, in a greenhouse where a 70-
degree temperature is maintained. The seeds are scattered in
pots or flats filled with finely sifted sandy soil and are lightly
covered with soil. Cover the containers with glass and shade
them from sunlight. If they're kept moist, they'll germinate in a
few days. When the baby plants are 1 or 2 inches high, they can
be transplanted to flats that are 3-4 inches deep and filled with
sandy, loamy compost. They should be spaced 3 or 4 inches
apart. Later on, they should be placed in a cold frame until they
are planted outdoors. This is after all danger of frost has passed
and the weather is warm and settled. As the time draws closer to
plant them outdoors they need to be hardened off by increasing
the ventilation and finally exposing them to the air. Seeds can
also be sown directly outdoors where they are to grow by
sprinkling them thinly in a well-prepared seedbed after danger
of frost has passed. They are thinned out until they are no closer
than 10 inches apart. This method, as mentioned earlier, takes
longer for the plants to bloom than if they were started indoors.
The location that you choose for these plants must be fully
exposed to sun if they are to be successful. For winter blooming,
when growing in a greenhouse, seeds should be sown in August
or September; for spring blooming, sow them in January. The
seedlings should be transplanted to flats, or separately in small
pots, and later, into larger pots as needed. Pots that are 5-7
inches in diameter are good sizes to have your plants flower in.
You can grow one to three plants in a pot. Winter Tarragon is
ordinarily propagated by from cuttings, which root easily. Take
cuttings in early autumn before they begin to bloom and start
them in pots inside.
VARIETIES: T. erecta; T. patula; T. lucida (Winter Tarragon); T. tenuifolia (signata); T. tenuifolia (signata) pumila
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